diff --git a/src/wifi/test/wifi-emlsr-test.cc b/src/wifi/test/wifi-emlsr-test.cc
index b027b9ca1..c1ec62094 100644
--- a/src/wifi/test/wifi-emlsr-test.cc
+++ b/src/wifi/test/wifi-emlsr-test.cc
@@ -17,9 +17,33 @@
  * Author: Stefano Avallone <stavallo@unina.it>
  */
 
+#include "ns3/ap-wifi-mac.h"
+#include "ns3/attribute-container.h"
+#include "ns3/boolean.h"
+#include "ns3/config.h"
+#include "ns3/eht-configuration.h"
+#include "ns3/emlsr-manager.h"
 #include "ns3/header-serialization-test.h"
 #include "ns3/log.h"
 #include "ns3/mgt-headers.h"
+#include "ns3/mobility-helper.h"
+#include "ns3/multi-model-spectrum-channel.h"
+#include "ns3/node-list.h"
+#include "ns3/packet-socket-client.h"
+#include "ns3/packet-socket-helper.h"
+#include "ns3/packet-socket-server.h"
+#include "ns3/rng-seed-manager.h"
+#include "ns3/simulator.h"
+#include "ns3/spectrum-wifi-helper.h"
+#include "ns3/spectrum-wifi-phy.h"
+#include "ns3/sta-wifi-mac.h"
+#include "ns3/string.h"
+#include "ns3/wifi-net-device.h"
+#include "ns3/wifi-ppdu.h"
+#include "ns3/wifi-psdu.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
 
 using namespace ns3;
 
@@ -92,6 +116,674 @@ EmlOperatingModeNotificationTest::DoRun()
         "Unexpected EMLSR Transition Delay");
 }
 
+/**
+ * \ingroup wifi-test
+ * \ingroup tests
+ *
+ * \brief Base class for EMLSR Operations tests
+ *
+ * This base class setups and configures one AP MLD, a variable number of non-AP MLDs with
+ * EMLSR activated and a variable number of non-AP MLD with EMLSR deactivated. Every MLD has
+ * three links, each operating on a distinct PHY band (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz). Therefore,
+ * it is expected that three links are setup by the non-AP MLD(s). The values for the Padding
+ * Delay, the Transition Delay and the Transition Timeout are provided as argument to the
+ * constructor of this class, along with the IDs of the links on which EMLSR mode must be
+ * enabled for the non-AP MLDs (this information is used to set the EmlsrLinkSet attribute
+ * of the DefaultEmlsrManager installed on the non-AP MLDs).
+ */
+class EmlsrOperationsTestBase : public TestCase
+{
+  public:
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     *
+     * \param name The name of the new TestCase created
+     */
+    EmlsrOperationsTestBase(const std::string& name);
+    ~EmlsrOperationsTestBase() override = default;
+
+  protected:
+    /**
+     * Callback invoked when a FEM passes PSDUs to the PHY.
+     *
+     * \param linkId the ID of the link transmitting the PSDUs
+     * \param context the context
+     * \param psduMap the PSDU map
+     * \param txVector the TX vector
+     * \param txPowerW the tx power in Watts
+     */
+    virtual void Transmit(uint8_t linkId,
+                          std::string context,
+                          WifiConstPsduMap psduMap,
+                          WifiTxVector txVector,
+                          double txPowerW);
+
+    void DoSetup() override;
+
+    /// Information about transmitted frames
+    struct FrameInfo
+    {
+        Time startTx;             ///< TX start time
+        WifiConstPsduMap psduMap; ///< transmitted PSDU map
+        WifiTxVector txVector;    ///< TXVECTOR
+        uint8_t linkId;           ///< link ID
+    };
+
+    std::set<uint8_t> m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn; /**< IDs of the links on which EMLSR mode has to
+                                                   be enabled */
+    std::size_t m_nEmlsrStations{1};          ///< number of stations to create that activate EMLSR
+    std::size_t m_nNonEmlsrStations{0};       /**< number of stations to create that do not
+                                                activate EMLSR */
+    Time m_transitionTimeout{MicroSeconds(128)}; ///< Transition Timeout advertised by the AP MLD
+    std::vector<Time> m_paddingDelay{
+        {MicroSeconds(32)}}; ///< Padding Delay advertised by the non-AP MLD
+    std::vector<Time> m_transitionDelay{
+        {MicroSeconds(16)}};                ///< Transition Delay advertised by the non-AP MLD
+    std::vector<FrameInfo> m_txPsdus;       ///< transmitted PSDUs
+    Ptr<ApWifiMac> m_apMac;                 ///< AP wifi MAC
+    std::vector<Ptr<StaWifiMac>> m_staMacs; ///< MACs of the non-AP MLDs
+    uint16_t m_lastAid{0};                  ///< AID of last associated station
+    Time m_duration{0};                     ///< simulation duration
+
+  private:
+    /**
+     * Set the SSID on the next station that needs to start the association procedure.
+     * This method is connected to the ApWifiMac's AssociatedSta trace source.
+     * Start generating traffic (if needed) when all stations are associated.
+     *
+     * \param aid the AID assigned to the previous associated STA
+     */
+    void SetSsid(uint16_t aid, Mac48Address /* addr */);
+
+    /**
+     * Start the generation of traffic (needs to be overridden)
+     */
+    virtual void StartTraffic()
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+EmlsrOperationsTestBase::EmlsrOperationsTestBase(const std::string& name)
+    : TestCase(name)
+{
+}
+
+void
+EmlsrOperationsTestBase::Transmit(uint8_t linkId,
+                                  std::string context,
+                                  WifiConstPsduMap psduMap,
+                                  WifiTxVector txVector,
+                                  double txPowerW)
+{
+    m_txPsdus.push_back({Simulator::Now(), psduMap, txVector, linkId});
+
+    for (const auto& [aid, psdu] : psduMap)
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+        ss << std::setprecision(10) << "PSDU #" << m_txPsdus.size() << " Link ID " << +linkId << " "
+           << psdu->GetHeader(0).GetTypeString() << " #MPDUs " << psdu->GetNMpdus()
+           << " duration/ID " << psdu->GetHeader(0).GetDuration() << " RA = " << psdu->GetAddr1()
+           << " TA = " << psdu->GetAddr2() << " ADDR3 = " << psdu->GetHeader(0).GetAddr3()
+           << " ToDS = " << psdu->GetHeader(0).IsToDs()
+           << " FromDS = " << psdu->GetHeader(0).IsFromDs();
+        if (psdu->GetHeader(0).IsQosData())
+        {
+            ss << " seqNo = {";
+            for (auto& mpdu : *PeekPointer(psdu))
+            {
+                ss << mpdu->GetHeader().GetSequenceNumber() << ",";
+            }
+            ss << "} TID = " << +psdu->GetHeader(0).GetQosTid();
+        }
+        NS_LOG_INFO(ss.str());
+    }
+    NS_LOG_INFO("TXVECTOR = " << txVector << "\n");
+}
+
+void
+EmlsrOperationsTestBase::DoSetup()
+{
+    RngSeedManager::SetSeed(1);
+    RngSeedManager::SetRun(2);
+    int64_t streamNumber = 100;
+
+    NodeContainer wifiApNode(1);
+    NodeContainer wifiStaNodes(m_nEmlsrStations);
+
+    WifiHelper wifi;
+    // wifi.EnableLogComponents ();
+    wifi.SetStandard(WIFI_STANDARD_80211be);
+    wifi.SetRemoteStationManager("ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager",
+                                 "DataMode",
+                                 StringValue("EhtMcs0"),
+                                 "ControlMode",
+                                 StringValue("HtMcs0"));
+    wifi.ConfigEhtOptions("EmlsrActivated",
+                          BooleanValue(true),
+                          "TransitionTimeout",
+                          TimeValue(m_transitionTimeout));
+
+    // MLDs are configured with three links
+    SpectrumWifiPhyHelper phyHelper(3);
+    phyHelper.SetPcapDataLinkType(WifiPhyHelper::DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO);
+    phyHelper.Set(0, "ChannelSettings", StringValue("{2, 0, BAND_2_4GHZ, 0}"));
+    phyHelper.Set(1, "ChannelSettings", StringValue("{36, 0, BAND_5GHZ, 0}"));
+    phyHelper.Set(2, "ChannelSettings", StringValue("{1, 0, BAND_6GHZ, 0}"));
+    // Add three spectrum channels to use multi-RF interface
+    phyHelper.AddChannel(CreateObject<MultiModelSpectrumChannel>(), WIFI_SPECTRUM_2_4_GHZ);
+    phyHelper.AddChannel(CreateObject<MultiModelSpectrumChannel>(), WIFI_SPECTRUM_5_GHZ);
+    phyHelper.AddChannel(CreateObject<MultiModelSpectrumChannel>(), WIFI_SPECTRUM_6_GHZ);
+
+    WifiMacHelper mac;
+    mac.SetType("ns3::ApWifiMac",
+                "Ssid",
+                SsidValue(Ssid("ns-3-ssid")),
+                "BeaconGeneration",
+                BooleanValue(true));
+
+    NetDeviceContainer apDevice = wifi.Install(phyHelper, mac, wifiApNode);
+
+    mac.SetType("ns3::StaWifiMac",
+                "Ssid",
+                SsidValue(Ssid("wrong-ssid")),
+                "ActiveProbing",
+                BooleanValue(false));
+    mac.SetEmlsrManager("ns3::DefaultEmlsrManager",
+                        "EmlsrLinkSet",
+                        AttributeContainerValue<UintegerValue>(m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn));
+
+    NetDeviceContainer staDevices = wifi.Install(phyHelper, mac, wifiStaNodes);
+
+    m_apMac = DynamicCast<ApWifiMac>(DynamicCast<WifiNetDevice>(apDevice.Get(0))->GetMac());
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < staDevices.GetN(); i++)
+    {
+        auto device = DynamicCast<WifiNetDevice>(staDevices.Get(i));
+        auto staMac = DynamicCast<StaWifiMac>(device->GetMac());
+        NS_ASSERT_MSG(i < m_paddingDelay.size(), "Not enough padding delay values provided");
+        staMac->GetEmlsrManager()->SetAttribute("EmlsrPaddingDelay",
+                                                TimeValue(m_paddingDelay.at(i)));
+        NS_ASSERT_MSG(i < m_transitionDelay.size(), "Not enough transition delay values provided");
+        staMac->GetEmlsrManager()->SetAttribute("EmlsrTransitionDelay",
+                                                TimeValue(m_transitionDelay.at(i)));
+    }
+
+    // Trace PSDUs passed to the PHY on AP MLD and EMLSR client only
+    for (uint8_t linkId = 0; linkId < m_apMac->GetNLinks(); linkId++)
+    {
+        Config::Connect("/NodeList/*/DeviceList/*/$ns3::WifiNetDevice/Phys/" +
+                            std::to_string(linkId) + "/PhyTxPsduBegin",
+                        MakeCallback(&EmlsrOperationsTestBase::Transmit, this).Bind(linkId));
+    }
+
+    if (m_nNonEmlsrStations > 0)
+    {
+        // create the other non-AP MLDs for which EMLSR is not activated
+        wifi.ConfigEhtOptions("EmlsrActivated", BooleanValue(false));
+        NodeContainer otherStaNodes(m_nNonEmlsrStations);
+        staDevices.Add(wifi.Install(phyHelper, mac, otherStaNodes));
+        wifiStaNodes.Add(otherStaNodes);
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < staDevices.GetN(); i++)
+    {
+        auto device = DynamicCast<WifiNetDevice>(staDevices.Get(i));
+        m_staMacs.push_back(DynamicCast<StaWifiMac>(device->GetMac()));
+    }
+
+    // Uncomment the lines below to write PCAP files
+    // phyHelper.EnablePcap("wifi-emlsr_AP", apDevice);
+    // phyHelper.EnablePcap("wifi-emlsr_STA", staDevices);
+
+    // Assign fixed streams to random variables in use
+    streamNumber += wifi.AssignStreams(apDevice, streamNumber);
+    streamNumber += wifi.AssignStreams(staDevices, streamNumber);
+
+    MobilityHelper mobility;
+    Ptr<ListPositionAllocator> positionAlloc = CreateObject<ListPositionAllocator>();
+
+    for (std::size_t id = 0; id <= m_nEmlsrStations + m_nNonEmlsrStations; id++)
+    {
+        // all non-AP MLDs are co-located
+        positionAlloc->Add(Vector(std::min<double>(id, 1), 0.0, 0.0));
+    }
+    mobility.SetPositionAllocator(positionAlloc);
+
+    mobility.SetMobilityModel("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
+    mobility.Install(wifiApNode);
+    mobility.Install(wifiStaNodes);
+
+    // install packet socket on all nodes
+    PacketSocketHelper packetSocket;
+    packetSocket.Install(wifiApNode);
+    packetSocket.Install(wifiStaNodes);
+
+    // install a packet socket server on all nodes
+    for (auto nodeIt = NodeList::Begin(); nodeIt != NodeList::End(); nodeIt++)
+    {
+        PacketSocketAddress srvAddr;
+        auto device = DynamicCast<WifiNetDevice>((*nodeIt)->GetDevice(0));
+        NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_NE(device, nullptr, "Expected a WifiNetDevice");
+        srvAddr.SetSingleDevice(device->GetIfIndex());
+        srvAddr.SetProtocol(1);
+
+        auto server = CreateObject<PacketSocketServer>();
+        server->SetLocal(srvAddr);
+        (*nodeIt)->AddApplication(server);
+        server->SetStartTime(Seconds(0)); // now
+        server->SetStopTime(m_duration);
+    }
+
+    // schedule ML setup for one station at a time
+    m_apMac->TraceConnectWithoutContext("AssociatedSta",
+                                        MakeCallback(&EmlsrOperationsTestBase::SetSsid, this));
+    Simulator::Schedule(Seconds(0), [&]() { m_staMacs[0]->SetSsid(Ssid("ns-3-ssid")); });
+}
+
+void
+EmlsrOperationsTestBase::SetSsid(uint16_t aid, Mac48Address /* addr */)
+{
+    if (m_lastAid == aid)
+    {
+        // another STA of this non-AP MLD has already fired this callback
+        return;
+    }
+    m_lastAid = aid;
+
+    // make the next STA to start ML discovery & setup
+    if (aid < m_nEmlsrStations + m_nNonEmlsrStations)
+    {
+        m_staMacs[aid]->SetSsid(Ssid("ns-3-ssid"));
+        return;
+    }
+    // wait some time (5ms) to allow the completion of association before generating traffic
+    Simulator::Schedule(MilliSeconds(5), &EmlsrOperationsTestBase::StartTraffic, this);
+}
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup wifi-test
+ * \ingroup tests
+ *
+ * \brief Test the exchange of EML Operating Mode Notification frames.
+ *
+ * This test considers an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD with EMLSR activated. Upon association,
+ * the non-AP MLD sends an EML Operating Mode Notification frame, which is however corrupted
+ * by using a post reception error model (installed on the AP MLD). We keep corrupting the
+ * EML Notification frames transmitted by the non-AP MLD until the frame is dropped due to
+ * exceeded max retry limit. It is checked that:
+ *
+ * - the Association Request contains a Multi-Link Element including an EML Capabilities field
+ *   that contains the expected values for Padding Delay and Transition Delay
+ * - the Association Response contains a Multi-Link Element including an EML Capabilities field
+ *   that contains the expected value for Transition Timeout
+ * - all EML Notification frames contain the expected values for EMLSR Mode, EMLMR Mode and
+ *   Link Bitmap fields and are transmitted on the link used for association
+ * - the correct EMLSR link set is stored by the EMLSR Manager, both when the transition
+ *   timeout expires and when an EML Notification response is received from the AP MLD (thus,
+ *   the correct EMLSR link set is stored after whichever of the two events occur first)
+ */
+class EmlNotificationExchangeTest : public EmlsrOperationsTestBase
+{
+  public:
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     *
+     * \param linksToEnableEmlsrOn IDs of links on which EMLSR mode should be enabled
+     * \param transitionTimeout the Transition Timeout advertised by the AP MLD
+     */
+    EmlNotificationExchangeTest(const std::set<uint8_t>& linksToEnableEmlsrOn,
+                                Time transitionTimeout);
+    ~EmlNotificationExchangeTest() override = default;
+
+  protected:
+    void DoSetup() override;
+    void DoRun() override;
+    void Transmit(uint8_t linkId,
+                  std::string context,
+                  WifiConstPsduMap psduMap,
+                  WifiTxVector txVector,
+                  double txPowerW) override;
+
+    /**
+     * Callback invoked when the non-AP MLD receives the acknowledgment for a transmitted MPDU.
+     *
+     * \param mpdu the acknowledged MPDU
+     */
+    void TxOk(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu);
+    /**
+     * Callback invoked when the non-AP MLD drops the given MPDU for the given reason.
+     *
+     * \param reason the reason why the MPDU was dropped
+     * \param mpdu the dropped MPDU
+     */
+    void TxDropped(WifiMacDropReason reason, Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu);
+
+    /**
+     * Check the content of the EML Capabilities subfield of the Multi-Link Element included
+     * in the Association Request frame sent by the non-AP MLD.
+     *
+     * \param mpdu the MPDU containing the Association Request frame
+     * \param txVector the TXVECTOR used to transmit the frame
+     * \param linkId the ID of the link on which the frame was transmitted
+     */
+    void CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocReq(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu,
+                                        const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                                        uint8_t linkId);
+    /**
+     * Check the content of the EML Capabilities subfield of the Multi-Link Element included
+     * in the Association Response frame sent by the AP MLD to the EMLSR client.
+     *
+     * \param mpdu the MPDU containing the Association Response frame
+     * \param txVector the TXVECTOR used to transmit the frame
+     * \param linkId the ID of the link on which the frame was transmitted
+     */
+    void CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocResp(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu,
+                                         const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                                         uint8_t linkId);
+    /**
+     * Check the content of a received EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
+     *
+     * \param psdu the PSDU containing the EML Operating Mode Notification frame
+     * \param txVector the TXVECTOR used to transmit the frame
+     * \param linkId the ID of the link on which the frame was transmitted
+     */
+    void CheckEmlNotification(Ptr<const WifiPsdu> psdu,
+                              const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                              uint8_t linkId);
+    /**
+     * Check that the EMLSR mode has been enabled on the expected EMLSR links.
+     */
+    void CheckEmlsrLinks();
+
+  private:
+    std::optional<uint8_t> m_assocLinkId;      //!< ID of the link used to establish association
+    std::size_t m_checkEmlsrLinksCount;        /**< counter for the number of times CheckEmlsrLinks
+                                                    is called (should be two: when the transition
+                                                    timeout expires and when the EML Notification
+                                                    response from the AP MLD is received */
+    std::size_t m_emlNotificationDroppedCount; /**< counter for the number of times the EML
+                                                    Notification frame sent by the non-AP MLD
+                                                    has been dropped due to max retry limit */
+    Ptr<ListErrorModel> m_errorModel;          ///< error rate model to corrupt packets at AP MLD
+    std::list<uint64_t> m_uidList;             ///< list of UIDs of packets to corrupt
+};
+
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::EmlNotificationExchangeTest(
+    const std::set<uint8_t>& linksToEnableEmlsrOn,
+    Time transitionTimeout)
+    : EmlsrOperationsTestBase("Check EML Notification exchange"),
+      m_checkEmlsrLinksCount(0),
+      m_emlNotificationDroppedCount(0)
+{
+    m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn = linksToEnableEmlsrOn;
+    m_nEmlsrStations = 1;
+    m_nNonEmlsrStations = 0;
+    m_transitionTimeout = transitionTimeout;
+    m_duration = Seconds(0.5);
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::DoSetup()
+{
+    EmlsrOperationsTestBase::DoSetup();
+
+    m_errorModel = CreateObject<ListErrorModel>();
+    for (std::size_t linkId = 0; linkId < m_apMac->GetNLinks(); linkId++)
+    {
+        m_apMac->GetWifiPhy(linkId)->SetPostReceptionErrorModel(m_errorModel);
+    }
+
+    m_staMacs[0]->TraceConnectWithoutContext(
+        "AckedMpdu",
+        MakeCallback(&EmlNotificationExchangeTest::TxOk, this));
+    m_staMacs[0]->TraceConnectWithoutContext(
+        "DroppedMpdu",
+        MakeCallback(&EmlNotificationExchangeTest::TxDropped, this));
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::Transmit(uint8_t linkId,
+                                      std::string context,
+                                      WifiConstPsduMap psduMap,
+                                      WifiTxVector txVector,
+                                      double txPowerW)
+{
+    auto psdu = psduMap.begin()->second;
+
+    switch (psdu->GetHeader(0).GetType())
+    {
+    case WIFI_MAC_MGT_ASSOCIATION_REQUEST:
+        m_assocLinkId = linkId;
+        CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocReq(*psdu->begin(), txVector, linkId);
+        break;
+
+    case WIFI_MAC_MGT_ASSOCIATION_RESPONSE:
+        CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocResp(*psdu->begin(), txVector, linkId);
+        break;
+
+    case WIFI_MAC_MGT_ACTION:
+        if (auto [category, action] = WifiActionHeader::Peek(psdu->GetPayload(0));
+            category == WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT &&
+            action.protectedEhtAction ==
+                WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT_EML_OPERATING_MODE_NOTIFICATION)
+        {
+            CheckEmlNotification(psdu, txVector, linkId);
+
+            if (m_emlNotificationDroppedCount == 0 &&
+                m_staMacs[0]->GetLinkIdByAddress(psdu->GetAddr2()) == linkId)
+            {
+                // transmitted by non-AP MLD, we need to corrupt it
+                m_uidList.push_front(psdu->GetPacket()->GetUid());
+                m_errorModel->SetList(m_uidList);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+    default:;
+    }
+
+    EmlsrOperationsTestBase::Transmit(linkId, context, psduMap, txVector, txPowerW);
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocReq(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu,
+                                                            const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                                                            uint8_t linkId)
+{
+    MgtAssocRequestHeader frame;
+    mpdu->GetPacket()->PeekHeader(frame);
+
+    const auto& mle = frame.Get<MultiLinkElement>();
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle.has_value(), true, "Multi-Link Element must be present in AssocReq");
+
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->HasEmlCapabilities(),
+                          true,
+                          "Multi-Link Element in AssocReq must have EML Capabilities");
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->IsEmlsrSupported(),
+                          true,
+                          "EML Support subfield of EML Capabilities in AssocReq must be set to 1");
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->GetEmlsrPaddingDelay(),
+                          m_paddingDelay.at(0),
+                          "Unexpected Padding Delay in EML Capabilities included in AssocReq");
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->GetEmlsrTransitionDelay(),
+                          m_transitionDelay.at(0),
+                          "Unexpected Transition Delay in EML Capabilities included in AssocReq");
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlCapabilitiesInAssocResp(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu,
+                                                             const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                                                             uint8_t linkId)
+{
+    bool sentToEmlsrClient =
+        (m_staMacs[0]->GetLinkIdByAddress(mpdu->GetHeader().GetAddr1()) == linkId);
+
+    if (!sentToEmlsrClient)
+    {
+        // nothing to check
+        return;
+    }
+
+    MgtAssocResponseHeader frame;
+    mpdu->GetPacket()->PeekHeader(frame);
+
+    const auto& mle = frame.Get<MultiLinkElement>();
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle.has_value(), true, "Multi-Link Element must be present in AssocResp");
+
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->HasEmlCapabilities(),
+                          true,
+                          "Multi-Link Element in AssocResp must have EML Capabilities");
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(mle->IsEmlsrSupported(),
+                          true,
+                          "EML Support subfield of EML Capabilities in AssocResp must be set to 1");
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
+        mle->GetTransitionTimeout(),
+        m_transitionTimeout,
+        "Unexpected Transition Timeout in EML Capabilities included in AssocResp");
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlNotification(Ptr<const WifiPsdu> psdu,
+                                                  const WifiTxVector& txVector,
+                                                  uint8_t linkId)
+{
+    MgtEmlOperatingModeNotification frame;
+    auto mpdu = *psdu->begin();
+    auto pkt = mpdu->GetPacket()->Copy();
+    WifiActionHeader::Remove(pkt);
+    pkt->RemoveHeader(frame);
+    NS_LOG_DEBUG(frame);
+
+    bool sentbyNonApMld = m_staMacs[0]->GetLinkIdByAddress(mpdu->GetHeader().GetAddr2()) == linkId;
+
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ(+frame.m_emlControl.emlsrMode,
+                          1,
+                          "EMLSR Mode subfield should be set to 1 (frame sent by non-AP MLD: "
+                              << std::boolalpha << sentbyNonApMld << ")");
+
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ(+frame.m_emlControl.emlmrMode,
+                          0,
+                          "EMLMR Mode subfield should be set to 0 (frame sent by non-AP MLD: "
+                              << std::boolalpha << sentbyNonApMld << ")");
+
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(frame.m_emlControl.linkBitmap.has_value(),
+                          true,
+                          "Link Bitmap subfield should be present (frame sent by non-AP MLD: "
+                              << std::boolalpha << sentbyNonApMld << ")");
+
+    auto setupLinks = m_staMacs[0]->GetSetupLinkIds();
+    std::list<uint8_t> expectedEmlsrLinks;
+    std::set_intersection(setupLinks.begin(),
+                          setupLinks.end(),
+                          m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn.begin(),
+                          m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn.end(),
+                          std::back_inserter(expectedEmlsrLinks));
+
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ((expectedEmlsrLinks == frame.GetLinkBitmap()),
+                          true,
+                          "Unexpected Link Bitmap subfield (frame sent by non-AP MLD: "
+                              << std::boolalpha << sentbyNonApMld << ")");
+
+    if (!sentbyNonApMld)
+    {
+        // the frame has been sent by the AP MLD
+        NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(
+            +frame.m_emlControl.emlsrParamUpdateCtrl,
+            0,
+            "EMLSR Parameter Update Control should be set to 0 in frames sent by the AP MLD");
+
+        // as soon as the non-AP MLD receives this frame, it sets the EMLSR links
+        auto delay = WifiPhy::CalculateTxDuration(psdu,
+                                                  txVector,
+                                                  m_staMacs[0]->GetWifiPhy(linkId)->GetPhyBand()) +
+                     MicroSeconds(1); // to account for propagation delay
+        Simulator::Schedule(delay, &EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlsrLinks, this);
+    }
+
+    NS_TEST_ASSERT_MSG_EQ(m_assocLinkId.has_value(),
+                          true,
+                          "No link ID indicating the link on which association was performed");
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ(+m_assocLinkId.value(),
+                          +linkId,
+                          "EML Notification received on unexpected link (frame sent by non-AP MLD: "
+                              << std::boolalpha << sentbyNonApMld << ")");
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::TxOk(Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu)
+{
+    const auto& hdr = mpdu->GetHeader();
+
+    if (hdr.IsMgt() && hdr.IsAction())
+    {
+        if (auto [category, action] = WifiActionHeader::Peek(mpdu->GetPacket());
+            category == WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT &&
+            action.protectedEhtAction ==
+                WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT_EML_OPERATING_MODE_NOTIFICATION)
+        {
+            // the EML Operating Mode Notification frame that the non-AP MLD sent has been
+            // acknowledged; after the transition timeout, the EMLSR links have been set
+            Simulator::Schedule(m_transitionTimeout + NanoSeconds(1),
+                                &EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlsrLinks,
+                                this);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::TxDropped(WifiMacDropReason reason, Ptr<const WifiMpdu> mpdu)
+{
+    const auto& hdr = mpdu->GetHeader();
+
+    if (hdr.IsMgt() && hdr.IsAction())
+    {
+        if (auto [category, action] = WifiActionHeader::Peek(mpdu->GetPacket());
+            category == WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT &&
+            action.protectedEhtAction ==
+                WifiActionHeader::PROTECTED_EHT_EML_OPERATING_MODE_NOTIFICATION)
+        {
+            // the EML Operating Mode Notification frame has been dropped. Don't
+            // corrupt it anymore
+            m_emlNotificationDroppedCount++;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::CheckEmlsrLinks()
+{
+    m_checkEmlsrLinksCount++;
+
+    auto setupLinks = m_staMacs[0]->GetSetupLinkIds();
+    std::set<uint8_t> expectedEmlsrLinks;
+    std::set_intersection(setupLinks.begin(),
+                          setupLinks.end(),
+                          m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn.begin(),
+                          m_linksToEnableEmlsrOn.end(),
+                          std::inserter(expectedEmlsrLinks, expectedEmlsrLinks.end()));
+
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ((expectedEmlsrLinks == m_staMacs[0]->GetEmlsrManager()->GetEmlsrLinks()),
+                          true,
+                          "Unexpected set of EMLSR links)");
+}
+
+void
+EmlNotificationExchangeTest::DoRun()
+{
+    Simulator::Stop(m_duration);
+    Simulator::Run();
+
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ(m_checkEmlsrLinksCount,
+                          2,
+                          "Unexpected number of times CheckEmlsrLinks() is called");
+    NS_TEST_EXPECT_MSG_EQ(
+        m_emlNotificationDroppedCount,
+        1,
+        "Unexpected number of times the EML Notification frame is dropped due to max retry limit");
+
+    Simulator::Destroy();
+}
+
 /**
  * \ingroup wifi-test
  * \ingroup tests
@@ -108,6 +800,10 @@ WifiEmlsrTestSuite::WifiEmlsrTestSuite()
     : TestSuite("wifi-emlsr", UNIT)
 {
     AddTestCase(new EmlOperatingModeNotificationTest(), TestCase::QUICK);
+    AddTestCase(new EmlNotificationExchangeTest({1, 2}, MicroSeconds(0)), TestCase::QUICK);
+    AddTestCase(new EmlNotificationExchangeTest({1, 2}, MicroSeconds(2048)), TestCase::QUICK);
+    AddTestCase(new EmlNotificationExchangeTest({0, 1, 2, 3}, MicroSeconds(0)), TestCase::QUICK);
+    AddTestCase(new EmlNotificationExchangeTest({0, 1, 2, 3}, MicroSeconds(2048)), TestCase::QUICK);
 }
 
 static WifiEmlsrTestSuite g_wifiEmlsrTestSuite; ///< the test suite